The Consequences Of Global Warming Research Paper

The Consequences Of Global Warming - Research Paper ExampleThe climatic changes have led to disruptions and varied animals react differently. A report by IPCC (2007) shows that the climatic change affects predator/prey interactions, biotic interactions, and ecosystem functioning. In addition, natural disturbances, invasive species, and loss of habitats are among the stressors of the animal population that may continue increasing with climatic changes. According to this report, climatic temperatures may rise in the following courses to unmanageable degrees leading to bulk extinctions. Since the industrialization era, carbon dies oxide has increased by 30% while methane has doubled. Nitrous Oxide, which is also another glasshouse gas, has risen by 15%. All these gases have enhanced the heat-trapping capability in the atmosphere. In the course of study 1950, the carbon dies oxide parts per million was around 350 compared to the year 2000 when the figure rose to 385 parts per millio n. This means these gases were absorbing a lot of heat while the rest reflected back to the global atmosphere. The change in temperatures take in the climate changes and increases the frequency, extent, and strength of other weather effects like floods, droughts, heat waves among others. Research shows that, by the year 2100, the temperatures leave behind have increased by 2-5%, while the rise in sea level will have gone up by 25 feet. The melting land-ice triggers the rise in the sea height.The Kyoto communications protocol took effect in 2005 with the United States has withdrawn from the treaty, with Canada and Russia the following suit.

Research paper nuclear testing in North Korea Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nuclear sorting in North Korea - Research subject ExamplePresident Obama further went on to denote that the act by North Korea will make up the isolation of North Korea, from the international community. It is important to denote that this nuclear test by North Korea was unexpected, patronage the regime issuing a warning on the 24th of January 2013, that it would conduct a nuclear test (Davenport, 11).However, the regime did not identify a specific date that it would undertake the nuclear test. It is important to show that this announcement was made just two days after the Security Council of the United Nations passed a finality to strengthen the sanctions that were placed against North Korea (Park, Kyung-Ae, and Mark, 39). These sanctions were in response to the decision by North Korea to launch a satellite on the December 12th 2012. It is important to understand that the security council of the United Nations seeks to prevent capital of North Korea from launching satellites, a nd this is because the technology used in launching a satellite is directly used for purposes of do ballistic missiles (Davenport, 33). North Korea is considered a rogue regime, and on this basis, the United Nations cannot trust the regime with a ballistic or nuclear weapon. It is important to understand that the road for North Korea becoming a nuclear call forth began on October 2006, when the country conducted its first nuclear. The early(a) nuclear test was conducted by North Korea on may 2009.Prior to conducting a nuclear test in 2006, North Korea announced that it no longer recognized the treaty of nuclear nonproliferation. This was on April 2003. In as much as North Korea withdrew from the treaty, the United Nations, and other countries who signed the treaty have not recognized this withdrawal. On this basis, the Security Council of the United Nations, under reply 2009, and 2006 makes it mandatory for North Korea to abandon all its nuclear activities, and

Finance and Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Finance and Business - Essay ExampleIncome Statement (per dodging) (Fare Lowered) Average subjugate of passengers per line of achievement Average total revenue (212*280) Varicapable Costs Fuel costs Food and Beverage good costs (4*212) Commission to travel agents (10% of 59,360) thoroughgoing(a) Profit Fixed Costs Fixed annual engage costs Fixed institute services costs Fixed flight crew salaries Operating exhalation 212 59,360 (14,000) (848) (5936) 38,576 (53,000) (7,500) (7,000) (28,924) 3. Income Statement (per flight for Travel Internationals offer) Number of flights by Travel International revenue from Travel International Fixed Costs Fixed annual lease costs Fixed ground services costs Fixed flight crew salaries Operating Income 24 75,000 (53,000) (7,500) (7,000) 7,500 Report The calculations in the scratch line part illustrate that Westcoast disperse co. is currently incurring an operating loss of $31,012.5. This is mainly due to the occurrence that the costs are e xceeding the revenues by a considerable margin. The seating capacity of the aircraft is 380 however, the average number of passengers per flight is even less than 50% of the aircrafts capacity. This should be a symptom of worry for the Westcoast Air co. as it is not being able to efficiently utilize the capacity of its aircraft. The roots of this issue world power lie somewhere in the marketing, advertising or service strategies of the phoner. Consequently, the average total revenue per flight is a modest $56,875.0. Though, it covers the variable costs of fuel, food, services and commission reasonably well, resulting in a Gross profit of $36,487.5 the problem arises largely because of high fixed costs. The annual leasing costs, constituting the bulk of the fixed costs along with fixed ground services costs and fixed flight crew salaries, result in a hefty sum of $67,500.0. An operating loss, which is the surpassing of revenues by operating costs, is considered to be a perilous in form sign for any business as it is an indication of discrepancies in the operating activities of the company. Thus, attempts should be made to accept this problem on an immediate basis if the company wishes to survive in the market (Gibson, 2011). The company should demoralize the average one-way sleep with to $280 as it not only utilizes the vacant seating capacity of the aircraft by increasing the average number of passengers per flight up to 212, but it also reduces the operating loss incurred by the company per flight. When this measure is applied, the operating loss is reduced by $2088.5 to $28,924. The reduction takes place in progeny of increased revenues from increased customers. This proposal of cutting down the average one-way fare, by the Market look for Department of Westcoast Air is also significant because it indicates to the company, the path of eliminating the operating loss. Therefore, if the company makes further efforts to reduce its fare and increase its pa ssengers, then a point will come when the company will be able to turn its operating loss into operating income. However, this turnaround depends on the accuracy of the projections made by the company with regard to fares and passengers. The analysis of financial results suggests that Westcoast

Give your reaction to the story, your impression of the story, how it Essay - 1

Give your reaction to the story, your impression of the story, how it relates to your life, compare it to another story, or anything--as long as it involves an appoint story you read - Essay ExampleThe Rime and Ode use vibrant imagery, where for The Rime, it contributes to the effectiveness of the plot in depicting scintillating events and characters, while for Ode, it underscores the natural essence of insight. When Coleridge says As idle as a multicolour ship/Upon a painted ocean, this image is quite fitting to the situation of the sailors, not just as an effective picture of what is occurring, but as a representation of their hopelessness. Ode employs numerous elemental imagery, such as sun, moon, mountains, and flowers. They are natural and seem simple at first, but they are also viewed as mebibyte examples of nature that implicate the religious theme of remembering the natural nature of remembering and they are committed to the raw and natural dispositions of children, whom W ordsworth attests as the bosom of meaning and a source of true insight.Irony is unrivaled of the most interesting figures of speech in literature and Coleridge and Wordsworths apt use of it has made their works to a greater extent intellectually stimulating. These lines demonstrate the irony of being surrounded by water and yet suffering from disposition in The Rime Water, water, every where,/ Nor any drop to drink (Coleridge). It is similar to being surrounded by food, but not being able to eat them because they are poisoned. Situational irony is also present in how the mariner lives on, when he is the main reason that his co-crew members died. Nevertheless, The Rime shows that life is not better than death if it is give tongue to to be filled with guilt. Ode applies irony when it says that celestial knowledge is only held during childhood, instead of being learned throughout adulthood. Heavens (Wordsworth 67) knowledge submerges into a process of forgetting (Wordsworth 59) and it is only through remembering (Wordsworth 59) that people can receive true insight about life.These poem share religious

The Kingdom of Ends Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The res publica of Ends - Essay ExampleIn the landed estate of ends everything has either a hurt or dignity. Whatever has a price passel be replaced by something else as its equivalent on the other hand, whatever is supra all price, and therefore admits of no equivalent, has a dignity. (Kant 42)In this statement above, Kant mentions that morality which is attributed as a cosmopolitan requirement for every person in the society has a price, a price which is placed on virtue or vice. In this sense, morality preserve have a price if it is inclined to a good thing or a bad thing. The price of a bad thing or a vice is tantamount to a sin according to the laws of God. And the price of a sin is an stark(a) life in hell with Satan. On the other hand, a good thing or a virtue is rewarded by a promise of a happy after life. This is associated to the life in promised land with God where the price is happiness and joy in an eternal life.Therefore the human person in his nature can choose to do whatever he or she likes. This can be in the form of something that is not considered of ethical standards or one that is justified as being good. However, in the kingdom of ends, the virtuous side is unless considered by Kant where the moral nature of man is at play. This moral grimace is the one that provides the creation of a universal law, a law that every one is supposed to be conversant with and obey its directions.In another aspect however, morality is correlated to dignity. Dignity as it is cognize is the term that elbow room an ethical inclination of a person where he or she accords respect to others and to a fault accorded respect in return. Hence, dignity is something that has no direct price because it is inwardly developed in someone. delinquent to this inward development of dignity, it does not have an equivalent of it because it is unique in each and every human. and so moral value of dignity can not be measured in terms of price as it is not visible for one to measure. The level of dignity that is given to somebody is probably the only measure that can be used to determine morality. In this sense, Kant mentions, For when moral value is being considered, the name is not with the actions, which are seen, but rather with the inner principles, which are not seen. (Kant 19)Human nature which is exhibited in dignity is correlated to an art in the kingdom of ends. An art or talent is something that is God given. This means that it can not be created by the human being but only by the charming being God. Because of this, it can not be tagged a price that can be purchased by anyone. Just like one can not buy another human being, dignity can not be bought. It is something non-tangible. Art can be something that can be fostered in someone done learning and continuous practice. One can involve him or herself in continuous practice that with meter perfects this ability in a specific field. Likewise in dignity, it can be practiced so that on e can gain a high level of respect from others. However, in the Kingdom of ends, it can only be practiced by obeying and constantly following the universal law. The universal law acts as the

Boutique Law Firm and Title Company in Hohenwald Tennessee Research Paper

Boutique Law Firm and Title Company in Hohenwald Tennessee - Research write up ExampleJames Mark has a passion for the law and is comfortable with the real estate aspects of it. specifically title searches, which forms the genealogy of land ownership. As a starting caller-out, class Law firm pass on forecast its revenue. Revenue forecast is the amount of money calculated that kinfolk firm expects to receive from its sales. It is close impossible to predict the yearly revenues of gang Company precisely. It is critically crucial for Syndicate to develop a revenue budget of high quality. Managers of Syndicate will spend their time to assess the condition of the market, remove analysis and negotiate with superiors to set the revenue expectations. This is possible for the order by setting aggressive notwithstanding achievable targets. Therefore, revenue forecast plays a crucial in the present economies. It helps Syndicate understand how programs of the company affect the levels of domestic income. It also offers insight into the companys economic health in the long and short-term (Idaho real estate practice & law, 2002). Consequently, revenue forecast is crucial because it enables the managers of Syndicate to re-adjust the companys annual budget. Adjustments are based on the companys cash inflows estimate and keep off a large deficit of the budget. Syndicate budget team typically performs the procedures of revenue forecast at the end of a financial year. Consequently, the activities of revenue forecast affect the fond expenditure and investment of infrastructure that Syndicate Company can develop over a financial year. For instance, when the estimates of revenue decrease, it causes the managers of Syndicate to reduce some of the social programs or even raise sales. Success The Syndicate Law firm will achieve its mastery by setting goals. Setting goals is part of the Syndicates planning process. The managers establish financial and non-financial goals f or longer and shorter term. When Syndicate Law firm has goals in place, it will help the management team to focus on the operational steps it needs to take and the resources needed to meet the target. When Syndicate Company meets non-financial goals, the possibility of meeting the financial target such as positivity and revenues becomes possible. Some of the non-financial goals include customer satisfaction, planning and reporting systems, employee and training development, policies and procedures, long-range vision, and community involvement. On the new(prenominal) hand, some of the financial goals that Syndicate Company needs to achieve include revenue and profitability. The major success of Syndicate Company is to keep their clients satisfied. This offers the chance for repeat business. When a customer is satisfied, they are likely to recognise their associates about their experience. Therefore, if Syndicate Company sells to other companies, the endorsement from clients is cr ucial to close a sale with a new client. Also, the managers will create business plans for the company to table to perspective investors, which serve the company as a guide. When Syndicate grows, their planning process also grows. The growth includes the regular gathering of information on competitive activities and comparing the actual outcomes to forecast figures on a quarterly basis. Another success of the Syndicate Law Firm is its revenue growth and its expansion. Revenue growth and expansion creates

First Degree Murder Overview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

First Degree Murder Overview - sample ExampleOn that point, the degree of murder entails the whether the murder was carried out directly or indirectly. On the contrary, in this particular paper we delve into the study of the first degree murder in detail for lesson the factors that fuel murder among new(prenominal) issues. In addition to that, the subsequent section will serve to break the criminal laws pertaining to the first degree murder.First and foremost, first degree murder can be be as the killing of an individual unlawfully which may be both out of will or premeditated. Apparently, most countries in the world follow the concept of felony murder. On that note, the perpetrator of the act are unremarkably categorised as arson, burglary, kidnapping, rape and robbery. Notably, in a bid to solve the cases pertaining to the first degree murder, it is all important(p) to study some of the key elements that serve to describe the case. Firstly, the elements are wilfulness, preme ditation and deliberation. Moreover, this may differ from adept country to the other. On that note, some countries may also include malice aforethought in the elements of these kinds of cases. Furthermore, in some cases the case is usually declared as a first degree murder without the admit to look into the intention and deliberation of the perpetrator. In contradiction, in some state, murder cases are not usually categorised based on degrees but classify them based on priorities given to the case, in other words top level murder crime among other.Evidently, since intent has been named as one of the elements of first nightclub crime, we are going to elaborate on the fact. Apparently, this is the willingness of the murderer to end another persons life. Notably, a case is usually classified as a first degree murder case, if the perpetrator had beyond reasonable doubt intent to end the victims life. It is worth noting that, even if the murderer erroneously murdered another

Extended Producer Responsibilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Extended Producer Responsibilities - Essay ExampleThe consumers can pay a pay when the y purchases a new vehicle. This fee will then be managed by a third party in this case the party can be EPA. On the part of the manufactures I would ensure that they have goals set in recycling the vehicles.This program can be modified on the condition that the manufacturer is located outside the U.S. to comply with the uprightness. This will involve setting a law that requires all imported cars in the United States should come from countries with rigorous disposal laws. Also, an extra import fee should be incorporated to aid the disposal of the vehicle.This program will definitely influence product designers in research & development group. Example plastic which comprise of the largest portion of currently non-recycled material will work on the product designers & development group to replace it with materials which can be recycled. Countries who also wish to export automobiles in United States will have to adapt to stringent vehicles recycling

Marketing Strategy Final Case Study P&G Term Paper

marting Strategy Final plate Study P&G - business Paper ExampleThe most important concern is the deliberation about utilizing the new opportunity of an emerge market for pre-brushing rinse, which some other Scopes rivals are touting to their customers (P & G 258). Other basic problems include only are not restricted to what appropriate merchandise strategy to adoptshould Scope be positioned as a better gustation pre-brushing dental rinse against its previous recognitions as a better tasting and breath freshener (P& G 259) manufacturing issue concerning how to produce product that will match the standardizations required by 2 Canadian Health Protection Branch, The Canadian Dental Association and Saccharin/Cyclamate Sweeteners requirements (P& G 257-258) finding alternatives to funding the marketing of Scope since the product has so far received its highest finances in years, and that funding another line of product might be helpful to reduce cost competitively (P& G 260) recog nizing the significance of spending more on advertising another line of product to shore up customers interest in Scope (P & G 260) and discovering the best approach as far as Procter and Gambles operations and purchasing are concerned ( & G 260). Step 2 Justification for Problem Definition & Analyzing the Case Data The cause of this important analysis of Procter and Gambles operations in Canada is based on the fact that other rivals in the same niche of health care product like Plax, Colgate, Listerine, Listermint and Cepacol which shake their comparative quality of pre-brushing rinse has captured the market from Scope. This is because these other products offer consumers the opportunity to fight their plaquewhich is the soft, awkward film that coats teeth hours after brushing them (P& G 253 P& G 262). The Canadian Mouthwash Market Shares below justifies the fact that Plax has made significant gain against Scope, having started with a mere 1% of the market sell in 1988 to comma nding an appreciable 10% of the same market in 1990 while Scopes grasp of the market slipped considerably from 33% to 32.3% at bottom the same periods. 3 Figure 1 The Canadian Mouthwash Market Shares 1988 (Units) 1989 (Units) 1990 (Units) Scope 33.0% 33.0% 32.3% Listerine 15.2 16.1 16.6 Listermint 15.2 9.8 10.6 Cepacol 13.6 10.6 10.3 Colgate Oral Rinse 1.4 1.2 0.5 Plax 1.0 10.0 10.0 Store Brands 16.0 15.4 16.0 Miscellaneous Others 4.6 15.4 16.0 Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% The data demonstrates that other mouthwash products like Plax, Listerine and Store Brands make significant improvements against Scope, which sales began to dwindle towards its sales peak in 1990 (P & G 250). It is believable that strategic marketing may have helped other brands to outperform Scope in the amount of market size they command their marketing proposition has largely 4 concentrated on the abilities of their brands to help users fight their plaque, a slogan that Procter and Gamble has not adopted because of its current product which lacks the plaque-fighting ingredients (P & G 253). What Procter and Gamble thinks appropriate is to re-position Scope in a way that it would keep the products allegiant consumers and cut back the lead Plax is currently enjoying in the market (P & G 260). This plan is achievable within the three-year period the company hopes to revamp its operational activities. Comparing the expenditures

Augusta Nationals Two Female Members Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Augusta home(a)s Two womanish Members - Essay ExampleThe Augusta National Golf union has shown gender discrimination throughout its news report by allowing none of its almost 300 members to be a woman until recently, when the Cub took an action abundant overdue on it by announcing Condoleezza Rice, the former US Secretary of State, and Darla Moore, the South Carolina financier to be its members. The Club was also publicly pressured by Martha Burk, the womens rights activist in the year 2001 to allow membership to women, precisely Hootie Johnson, the chairman of the Club at that time verbalise in response that the Club might demasculinise its policy one day but not at the point of a bayonet (Johnson cited in Tyler). When Bubba Watson joined the Augusta National Golf Clubs tradition of wearing the green roof upon winning the Masters Golf Tournament, the celebrations were tarnished by the exclusive discrimination displayed by the Club towards the women. One of the lawyers said that the implications of this discrimination could be broader and extend to all functional women. The Augusta National Golf Club has been disreputable for a long time in history because of its disallowance for women to become its members. The fathers and sons of Augusta know full well that they cause built for themselves not just a golf course but one of the great corridors of situation in America, and with chests fully puffed, have fiercely and proudly denied women access to those corridors (Brennan).... In addition to that, all of the erstwhile(prenominal) IBM CEOs had served as the Clubs members. The only factor that differed this time was that the CEO was a woman irrelevant the past CEO members who were all men. Payne retreated the discussion and Rometty did not wear the green jacket to signify the clubs membership over the weekend. David Scher, the Employment Law Groups attorney judge the effects of the exclusive policy of the Augusta National Golf Club to reach all worki ng women. He said, This is not the only place that this is happening. Free association allows all kinds of clubs, but there atomic number 18 lots of mens organizations that keep women out of the workforce and it is really time for that to change (Scher cited in Mielach). twenty-first century is the time for the discrimination to recede, be that against races or genders. Discriminatory policies do not help some(prenominal) organization holding it, but just serves to complicate things for certain members of the society. Playing golf and other pastimes is organic to the subscriber line world, and outright discrimination against women in the private golf world, although technically legal, can have a severe and lasting illegal impact in the workplace (Scher cited in Mielach). Grant of the Augusta National Golf Clubs membership to two women in this year is a very openhanded milestone in the way of realization of the equality of genders and will have far-reaching effects for all women in the society and bring a positive revolutionary change in the acceptability of women in the business world in general and the sports in particular. Something like selection of women members for the first time since the establishment of a prestigious club will have an effect on the policies of similar

Dutch Artwork Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dutch Artwork - Essay ExampleAlso, the womans pregnancy is readily noticeable showing that a significant amount of time has passed symbolizing the first base of new life. Her lowered gaze and left hand gently resting on the table beside the sparkling golden and pearls, suggest that shes serenely waiting for the empty balance to come to a rest. The womans calm, still posture and peaceful face along with the illuminated painting of the Last Judgment beautify that shes weighing much more than worldly objects. This mundane, everyday act signifies a larger, more perpetual action. The womans pensive posture, thoughtful expression, empty illuminated balance, and the stillness of this brief moment entirely possibly suggest the need to balance the worldly and the spiritual life. Rachel Ruyschs Flower Still Life is a striking painting of a bouquet of colorful flowers blossoming beautifully amidst a swirl of leaves and buds. The muddy background and tabletop emphasize the vivid brightness and lifelike hues of the flowers, stems, and leaves. The warm and cool tones of the blossoms highlight each flower, fashioning every small bud visible from between the twisted stems and dark leaves.

Analysis of UK Economy in Comparison with Qatar Economy Essay

Analysis of UK Economy in Comparison with Qatar Economy - Essay ExampleThis essay presents a brief informative analysis of the sparing statuses of the United Kingdom and Qatar. These countries demonstrated high levels of economic development in recent years. Economic trends commonly differ from country to an new(prenominal). Economists have developed several economic measures to determine which country is ahead of the new(prenominal) in terms of economic progress. The availability of goods and services to the citizens of the country and the affordability of the commodities may be used to dwell how the citizens argon in terms of accessibility to the national income. Other factors that are looked at in determine the wealth of the nation in comparison to another include health facilities accessibility and affordability, food, housing and other social amenities. The U.K. wealth is one of the best in the globe. The lifestyle of the people of the kingdom is desirable, and the state is graded among most developed economies of the world. The wealth of the kingdom is also one of the oldest, aging back to the pre-colonial period. The country was so able to amass wealth from the colonies and developed itself on various social and industrial sectors.There are various components of the UK that can be put into comparison with Qatar. During the economic meltdown that was experienced globally, the country sought-after(a) to protect her banking industry and therefore was not strictly harmed. The countrys GPD is mainly supported by the natural gas investment. More than 50% of the GDP is obtained from this industry.

Summary of reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summary of reading - Essay ExampleWhereas traditional sum gets support from majority of the people, whether some other forms like Gay and Homosexual marriages deserve discrimination and should be deprived of their fundamental right to embrace and beget children as per the procedure they choose? Dent, though a strong supporter of the traditional marriage acknowledges their fundamental right and freedom to choose their life-partner and above all the freedom to love the individual of their choice.If sensation is to summarize the article in a few sentences, this is an important observation by George Dent. He argues, If the disposal treats traditional marriage as the norm, citizens are also more likely to view it that way than they would if governing treats traditional marriage as but one of many equally valid choices (p. 421). Deviation from the union family and nuclear family has socially turned out to be disastrous all over the world, particularly in America. That the divorce ra te has crossed 50% is the grim indication and the worst scenario that has engulfed the American society. At the identical time, there is a section of the society and the leadership that favors gay marriages. Historically the same sex marriages spend a penny been resented and they think it is a caricature of the real thing...an insult to a relationship that they consider to construct a sacred as well as a legal dimension (p. 425). What is the ground reality think to such marriages? Homosexual couples will not be able to procreate, and they cannot have the marriage ceremonies performed as per heathenish and traditional standards, it is at the most a social or a club event. With no activated commitment, the agenda behind such marriages is to get some financial benefits. But the paradox is they can have the benefits through other fair alternatives. One of the prime objectives of the institution of marriage is to beget children. That is not manageable for the homosexual

Marketing a New Service Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 13750 words

Marketing a New Service - instance Study ExampleThe assistant thus conceived has the potential to generate revenue from two channels- the insurer and the checkup centers. This is explained in greater detail in the section titled The Proposed Service.Targeting the ideal customers delineated as those who would need minimum financial outlay for the sale to close. These could be customers who are already buying from the political party and would therefore be receptive to new ideasThis paper begins with a review of literature which explores the key selling concepts and principles that can be applied to the trade of a new product or service. The review focuses on marketing of services, how the marketing of service differs from that of product and how the environment impacts marketing strategy and marketing efforts. The section reviews the 4 Ps of marketing, SWOT analysis, McKinseys 7S model, stakeholder analysis, PESTLE analysis and BSC model.The next section of this paper explains i n detail the service being proposed, and analyses its profitability and feasibility. It discusses in detail about the marketing environment and gives background on the club that will launch this service. The section explores how marketing concepts discussed in the review of literature apply to this innovative service.2. brush up of LiteratureTraditionally, marketing is explained as anything that creates business or keeps a customer. Blanchard (2003) states that customers are the reason for a confederacy to stay in business and thus customer input and customer preferences must shape most all aspects of work. It is also said that Marketing consists of the strategies and tactics used to identify, create and maintain satisfying relationships with customers that closure in value for both the customer and the marketer. This definition can be explained further. Strategies refer to the direction that marketing effort will assume over a period of time, while tactics are condition steps or decisions made in order to follow the strategies established. Strategic and tactical planning

Windows Server 2003 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Windows Server 2003 - Essay ExampleThey need to hunch forward and understand the benefit of upgrading to Windows Server 2003 so they can make the right decision.A company with an already stable system perhaps would wonder why I should upgrade my system when it seems fine and sufficient. approximately will also probably ask why I should spend some more when I already have what we want. Whats new What is the benefit Shall I gain from itMicrosoft Windows Server 2003 for the comprehension of a regular user is simply an enhancement to Microsofts previous server products such as NT 4.0 and Windows Server 2000. However, this latest run system contains over 340 (Eurodata, 2004) improvements for Windows 2000 Server and the capability to handle different server functions that can significantly append productivity and security that will give businesses added benefits. Similar to its predecessor, Server 2003 was built in the same customs duty of strengths, superiority, and cost effectivene ss to sustain business growth. In the real world, business are constantly changing, expanding, and seek new ways to improve and support the demands of their organization. Growing organizations that are heavily relying on their computer intercommunicate are looking for flexible and scalable systems that can greatly reduce their direct and administration cost. In addition, to ensure greater success, an organization wants real value on their investment and demand greater dependableness and innovative functionalities with their server operating systems.Microsoft is much aware of these necessities and since the released of Windows 2000 Server substantially reviewed and studies all possible bugs and fainthearted points to produce a much better operating system. According to Microsofts Server 2003 White Paper (Microsoft, 2002), this operating systems provides various utilities, services, and features that could convince users to upgrade. One of the enticing new features of Server 2003 aside from being stable is its interconnected platform that can be easily deploy and manage without security implications. This is to a certain close viable considering the real world situation of company internets where combinations of Intranets and Internet are being used and continually being stretched to satisfy the organizations growing requirements. When an operating system is stable, it means more uptime and secured. This is exactly what Microsoft wants to sell a fast, reliable, and secured platform with advanced connectivity that can provide a company greater competitive advantage in global marketplace (Eurodata, 2004).Improved Reliability, Windows Server 2003 provides device drivers resiliency that prevents defective drivers (that are known to be incompatible) that could unfavorably harm the server and holdup the companys operation. Furthermore, similar to XP, the Server 2003 is capable of device rollbacks (Ivens, 2003), restoration of expire known good configuration, file protection, and application compatibility options. These features will ensure more uptime for the company network eliminating the hatchway of system shutdown due to maintenance and restoration works (Microsoft, 2002).Improved Availability further fortifies network operational stability by

Training and Development in Small Businesses Essay

Training and Development in Small Businesses - Essay ExampleThe potential challenges that the fill inment of the fraternity may face will be discussed. It will also include different effects of detecting the gaps in the organization. This paper will designate a competitive training strategy. The whole paper will be done on a step by step basis. It will be very helpful for Syntel Inc.It is very important for Syntel Inc to carry out proper training and development strategies to improve their business acts. Syntel is an IT consulting company. Training and development will help them to require new modern sides of different programming languages. In modern day business the organization comes across different critical projects related with modern programming languages (Barcus, 2007). The organization needs to train its employees properly to manage those projects. If proper training is not being provided by the company and then employees will not be able to complete those complex pr ojects properly. Training and development is needed to maintain the supply of talents continuously into the organization. often it is being noticed that experienced employees are leaving the company. It is a loss for the organization. But that loss privy be managed if well trained back up employees are ready with the company. It will not ruin the performances of Syntel Inc. Different training and development programs will increase the efficiency of workers of the company. at one time the efficiency of workers is increased then automatically productivity of the company will also increase. Increased productivity will improve the performance of the organization. Being a small business organization resources of Syntel are limited. It is very important for the management of the company to utilize their resources intelligently. Only suitable training and development programs for employees can increase the capacity of the whole workforce. Once the

Capitalism and United States Essay Example for Free

Capitalism and join States EssayThere are many aspects of FDRs New bring that must be analyzed in rewrite to determine if this collection of economic programs helped or appall Americas effort in ending the Great Depression. The Great Depression caused both a decline in national moral and economic productivity unprecedented in joined States history. The previously prestigious capitalistic economy was brought to its knees on Black Thursday in October of 1929. Roosevelt had taken office with the excogitation to quickly relieve a nation from Hoovers do-nothing approach within his set-back 100 days as president. He knew he had to act fast in order to see the demands of the people that could be, in part, credited because of their invest handsts in the stock market place with unstable funds.There was a ascension in full swing. As recorded in A Peoples History of the United States, Desperate people were not waiting for the government to help them they were helping themselves. After the stock market crashed, the flaws in the capitalist system were more predominantly brought to surface. The system had been given a bad pick up among a growing socialist nation in times of desperation. To a socialist critic, the system could be depicted as unsound by nature neglecting human needs in the pursuit of immense corporate benefits. The New Deal was set in place to save capitalism from itself. In order to do this Roosevelt felt that passing a number of social programs would keep the market economy from, at once again, self destructing. Through his efforts, Roosevelt had consequently formed class warfare.The faces of business leaders had become the faces of bloodthirsty, evil men which appealed largely to an American public looking for someone, something, or anything to blame for the pain they were going through. Finding that happy-medium among relieving the economic crisis of the American people and not giving the public something they could view as a government fall-back was something that the expanse had never had to deal with before on this large of a scale.Throughout Roosevelts death penalty of his social programs concerns surfaced from conservative Americans. Roosevelt did not want welfare to be seen as a narcotic, a baneful destroyer of the human spirit. FDRs New Deal, under a growingly socialist system, in ways got the country back on its feet and may have been the fix that America was looking for at the time. At the same time however, it could have been the spark to the gradual lazy, entitled attitude that we experience today in the United States.

An Analysis of The Clod and the Pebble by Sir Francis Blake Essay Example for Free

An Analysis of The thud and the Pebble by Sir Francis Blake EssayThe Clod and the Pebble Sire Francis Blake compares egotistical and sharing complete through interesting and opinion provoking interpretations. These viewpoints are obvious through Blakes indication of their states of innocence and experience. His first entity, which is a clod, says, love seeketh not itself to please(Blake 3). The second interpretation, which is given in the form of a pebble, reasons, Love seeketh only ego to please(Blake 11). The clod is depicted as a selfless, passionate emotion whereas the pebble is a vain, arrogant and selfish sentiment. We can assume that the author has a lot of experiences when it comes to love, possibly writing this poem in a period of romanticism, but cannot assume he is the speaker. The different perspectives of love in the poem lead the endorser to believe that there are two speakers. The Clod may perhaps be of a maidenly viewpoint, which is understandable after r eading Nor for itself have any care and Trodden with cattles feet, where love is unselfish and sacrificial (Blake 2). The pebble gives off a sense of authority gained from experiences while it mocks the innocence of the clod.The abrupt use of that provides a change to the sweet and harmonious tones of the first stanza, while the phrase a pebble of the brook represents it is a hard and unmovable object, learned from its experiences. Specific words such as care used by the clod and bind used by the pebble are what make the feminine/masculine tones understandable. The beautiful and insincere personifications of the content clod and pompous pebble create a clear understanding in contrasting the government agency of the selfishness and selflessness of human nature in love.

Superstitions in India Essay Example for Free

Superstitions in India EssaySuperstitions are based on ignorance and there is no place for superstitious notions yet in the darkness. The best way to remove superstitions is to educate the broad deal and given them light of reason. A accepted knowledge of Nature and God will take the place of blind beliefs and false traditions and this only abide should the death-knell of superstitions. Samuel Smiles. Superstitions are unreas unriv everyedd and erroneous beliefs of the people living in the past or in the present age. When current happenings cannot be ration tout ensembley explained, people assign mysterious and inexplicable reasons for their operation. This cartel of the people in irrational things takes the form of superstitions. Superstitions are, therefore, unreasoned beliefs which have a chronic kind of intensity in their evil. In old patriarchal times, superstitions g e really(prenominal)wherened the majority of people. Those daylights were such that it favored the growth of superstitions. Superstitions enjoyed their hey-day of glory when the civilization and knowledge had not illuminate the darkness of the ignorance of the primitive people. Lack of scientific advancement is another(prenominal) find of the growth of superstitions.They find a rich soil for germination at a time and in a country where science and philosophy have not had their hold on the masses. Unenlightened people always tend to be superstitions. Undue reverence for traditions and customs prevailing in a particular society also machinate people superstitions in their ideas. This belief in the sacredness of time and old traditions of ancestors, keep people in the ill of superstitious thought. The tricks of the priests also exercise their unhealthy effect and people with a religious orthodoxy are get up to fall an easy prey to these superstitious agencies.Superstitions have continued to exercise their sway on all classes of people all over the world. There are certain common superstitions which are shared by all the people in the world. Belief in spirits, ghosts, and witches is a common superstition among all the people of the world. Even today belief in witches is present in India, Scotland, England, France and many other countries. People, curiously in India and other countries of the East, still count in ghosts. The cries of certain birds like owl and ravenes and mewing of cats are regarded with superstitions all over the globe.There is a very common belief that when comets are seen, they portend the death of kings or great men. When beggars die there are no comets seen. The heavens themselves blaze forth the death of princes. In India, every activity of life is associated with some sort of superstition. It is supposed to be bad if somebody sneezes behind or calls back a man who is leaving his home for a journey. He must stop for a eon to let the ill-luck pass. It is again ominous if he sees an empty vessel or a tangle right in front of t he house.The story of Ram Chandra, coming across a snake on the left hand side and a jackal on the right hand side while he was coming back to his hut in the jungle is widely known. He at formerly guessed that some misfortune had befallen Sita. The sight of a dead body or a cow eating her calf or a full pitcher is considered as auspicious while one is on a journey. Stories of ghosts and evil spirits are very common in all the countries of the world and especially in India. After death, a person changes into a ghost.Sometimes, a ghost molests the other members of the family primarily, a pipal tree tree is supposed to be the haunt of ghosts. The fear of ghosts is so great that some people theology them in their homes without giving them any shape and form. The ghosts are offered sweets, cakes, clothes and many such Other articles to revel them and bribe them against doing any kind of harm to the people. Generally, the illiterate and ignorant people call up in superstitions. In villages, the people believe that small-pox, cholera and some fevers all are caused by the displeasure of he-ghosts and she-ghosts.The small pox, whenever it spreads in the form of epidemic, is supposed to be the result of the wrath of the Goddess Shitaladevi. Numerous beliefs of this type are prevalent in villages. Sometimes, such miracles take place in the cure of such diseases that one is surprised at and compelled to believe in these superstitions. Indians have a blind belief in, Sadhus though the cases of cheating by the Sadhus are generally heard. The ashes given by the Sadhus to their devotees are considered as something extraordinarily holy.The tradition of observing Terahvi in Indian families is another superstition. Hindus believe that souls of the dead persons exist in some form or the other for about xi days in the family. The family becomes free form the impurity of death on the twelfth day. On this day Brahmins are fed and given charities to give peace to departed sou l. These acts of giving charities to the Brahmins and feeding them or ingeminate every year in the month of Kwar. This observance is called Shradha. People have a great faith in palmistry, astrology and horoscope.There may be some experts in them here and there but generally, we come across, cheats, who exploit innocent persons and befool them. Superstitions differ from place to place and caste to caste. In southmost India, the sight of a black cat, crossing the way in front of one is considered to be very inauspicious. In Punjab, the sight of a Brahmin right in the morning is supposed to bring one misfortune for the whole day. But a Brahmin is not looked upon as inauspicious elsewhere.The sight of a cobbler, oilmen or washer man bring ill-lack to one in U. P. ut not in Punjab, It should not be surprising that some of English superstitions are very similar to certain superstitions prevalent in India. But in England and India the following of a dog at night without any apparent cau se is supposed to indicate the presence of a spirit nearby. As in Indian villages, people believe in witches, so do the people of England and Wales who live in remote villages. The only panacea for all the social evils like superstitions is education. To make the backward and superstition minded Indians enlightened, education should be spread widely. reading cultivates reasoning and thinking in a human being and as soon as a person comes under the shelter of reason and scientific outlook, he or she, becomes free from blind beliefs. Indians by nature are fatalists and they do not apply their energy to work for the betterment of their lot. This is the greatest superstition which has undermined and is still undermining the real prosperity of India. People should be properly educated and should be inspired to be hard working and honest. Then, we should judge everything by the strong light of reason, having firm faith in God.

African American Religion Essay Example for Free

Afri preempt American Religion EssayBefore Africans were brought to America during the slave trade, they had their confess culture and society. They had their own language and leaping. They also had their own devotion. Hi spirit level tells us that the Europeans justified their abuse toward the Africans as helping them become more down because the Africans lifestyle appeargond primal to them and non as developed and industrialized as theirs. What is often overlooked is that withal though Africans were taken from Africa and Americanized and have been stripped of their organized morality, culture, language and even their name, the in truth essence of the African as a populate did not go away. well-nigh African American slaves rejected Christianitys religion because they saw it as the livid mans religion. History tells us American break iodines back Masters abused the Africans by whipping them like animals and by treating them inhumane. The fact that these slave masters precious the African American to holiness their god was unacceptable for some because they could not fathom why they should worship a god who allowed people to be so badly treated.Some Africans accepted Christianitys religion and faith by identifying with saviour Christ, the son of God who according to the sacred scripture was innocent of sin and til now he was beaten, bruised and crucified for the sins of the world. Some African Americans valued to remown(prenominal) faithful to their heritage yet did not assent with the conjure practices. curing Hollys character is a good example of conforming to the economic prosperity of America which was founded by Christians. White Christians enforced Christian beliefs, values, and some practices based on the Euro American Christian interpretation of Christian text.Seth developed a kind of hatred for his own people proving that he has adopted the practices of fresh America in the early 1900s. Niggers coming up here from that former(a ) back country coming up here from the country carrying Bibles and guitars flavor for granting immunity. Seth says. They got a rude awakening (6). Seth signifies the African American who resents assimilation to the white American culture. But, at the same time, he too attempts to connect with his heritage by simply allowing Bynum to live in his home and bless it with his conjures rituals. Seth also participates in an African dance ritual called the Juba.Bynums character is introduced by practicing conjure rituals. He cuts open pigeons and sp trains its oceanm onto him as a type of cleansing to communicate with spirits. Bynum represents the African American who chose to remain faithful to the religion of his heritage. Others who have chosen the faith of Christianity view conjure rituals as evil, witchcraft, or demonic. Some African Americans wanted to remain faithful to their heritage yet did not agree with conjure practices eithermore. Loomis walks in on the juba dance and goe s into a trance after dinner at the boarding house.He had a vision of skeletons out from a body of water. Loomis I done seen bones rise up out the water. Rise up and walk across the water. Bones walkway on top of the water (53). Loomis recognizes through the vision, his state of ignorance to the companionship that will lead him to the new way of thinking. Bynum serves as a supporting character reacting to Loomiss trance. Bynum They walking more or less here now. Mens. Just like you and me. Come dear up out the water (56). Loomiss trance and Bynums interpretation of it is a turning point in the story.The skeletons coming from the bottom of the sea in Loomiss vision represent the slave ships, the disorientation experienced by the slaves during emancipation, and the confusion of his lighting from Joe Turner. Both Loomis and Bynum have tapped into their ancestral religion. The difference between the two is that Bynum represents the African who never renounced his religion and Loom is is the African-American who turned from conjure religion and converted to the faith of Christianity. After Joe turner took his life away from him, Loomis questioned his Christian faith and his personal identity.By walking in on the ancestral ritual of the Juba dance, Loomis literally walked into what he had genuinely been looking for, his religion, consequently, his ancestral identity and this is why he fell into the trance. Throughout the play conjures is encompasses four generations Bynums father, Bynum, Loomis, and the neighbor boy Reuben. Reubens vision is of Seths mother by the pigeon coop, she encourages Reuben to release the caged pigeons. Wilson writes in a way that leads the reader to believe that Loomis needs to find his missing wife.Martha Pentecost is not the one who was muddled Loomis was the one who was lost, wondering around from town to town, searching. Loomis came into the state of belief when Bynum helped him translate his vision. That vision represented Loo mis termination back to his ancestral conjure religion. Loomis needed to find Martha Pentecost simply to say good-bye to her and their life precedent together. Up until this point of the story, I believed that Loomis needed to find his wife so they could live out the abatement of their lives as a happy free family with their daughter.However, it is make pretty obvious this was never Loomiss intentions. That good-by kept me out on the way searching, Loomis says, now that I see your face I can say my goodbye and make my own world (90). Martha Pentecost, a woman of Christian faith, represents the African who assimilated into white Americas culture and Loomis needed to find her to say good-bye to her and the Christian faith. Martha stands by her Christian faith by accusing Loomis you done gone over to the devil (91). White mans religion believed that conjure was evil or the way of the devil.Loomis finds it easier to reject her for her Christian beliefs. Loomis Great freehand old w hite manyour Mr. Jesus Christ. Standing there with a whip in one split and a tote board in another, them niggers swimming in a sea of cotton (92). Loomis proves with his statement, his form of a bible story that differed from other African Americans but was similar to that of the white man who believed that they were on a level below God and the Africans were beneath them, Africans were one third of a person. Loomis now believes that if Africans are going to be free then they have to take charge of their own destiny.Martha Pentecost represents the African Americans religion, she identifies that Loomis needs to be stifleed in the blood of the lamb (92) and you done gone over to the devil. (91) Through class lessons I versed that African American slaves compared themselves with stories in the bible to instill hope of a life free from oppression, violence, and bondage. Jesus according to the bible was innocent of sin and yet he was beaten, bruised and crucified for the sins of t he world. The hope of reigning in balloon with Jesus is considered the ultimate reward for suffering lifes trials and tribulations.It is the faith of the African Americans who accepted Christianity religion. Blacks swear in the Lord instead of man. America was Egypt in the exodus story and as long as the enslaving and oppressing took place America would face the same wrath as Egypt. Stand still and see the buyback of the Lord. The bible was depended on in justifying and motivation rebellion for the blacks and used as a tool to economize blacks enslaved by the whites. African Americans used sermons, song, and prayer to convey and teach their message of travail and triumph of Israel.Some African Americans could not get past the treatment from the white people that called themselves Christians and as a head they rejected Christianity. Seligs role suggests that the link between characters is the acquisition of stuff and nonsense goods. Selig admits that his ancestors have always made their living pursuing African Americas his great grandfather transported slaves from Africa, his father captured runaway slaves and returned them to their masters for a reward, and Selig locates displaced people for a fee. Selig attains his ecstasy through consumer capitalism, through the selling of material goods.African Americans are objects for exploitation and give-and-take in the new economy. He binds African Americans to the economic system, demanding payment of his services and products which necessitates subsistence labor by victorious them from one construction site or work site to another, similar to a temporary utilisation agency today. You pay for an employee to work for some time, but Selig is getting paid by the person looking for work or a ride to a chance of freedom. Selig cannot find a person that has not purchased a dustpan from him because he keeps the names of his customers.Seth is determined to achieve material success, he has real little patience for A frican Americans migrating north looking for the same prosperity that he desires. Seth is very demanding of his patrons, insisting on advance payment in full, and is preoccupied with maintaining a respectable house. Its hard-fought enough now without all that ignorant kind of acting. Ever since slavery got over with there aint been nothing but foolish-acting niggers. Word get out they need men to work in the mill and put in these roads and niggers drop everything and head north looking for freedom.(5, 6) Seth wants to blend in with the white mans world therefore he keeps a link with Selig by negotiating the manufacturing and sale of dustpans. Seth does not have any idea of what it would be like to be a slave, as he was born free in the North and was educated. He demonstrates his education with his math deliberateness when dealing with the boarding house patrons and the quick notation of him letting Selig know that he is trying to inebriate him for the dust pan materials. Educati onal differences played a role in tension with Southern blacks, well-nigh of who were forbidden from learning to read, saw religion as a matter of oral traditionand speedy experience and emotion. Northerner blacks, stressed that one could not truly be Christian unless they was able to read the Bible and understand it. This play denies individual value and identity for some of Wilsons characters. To be defrauded of the products of ones labor or to see that creation diminished, like with Jeremy and the guitar contest, is to be denied a reflection of individual worth and identity. If people have been separated from this truth of individual worth and identity through oppression their might to bond with one another, form friendships, or couples, families are undermined.Social alienation in Wilsons characters are expressed in their stores of broken relationships, uncertainty, or suspicion that they feel toward one another. Seth Something aint setting right with that fellow, Bynum. Hes one of them mean-looking niggers look like he done killed soul gambling over a quarter. (20) Connection between oppression, alienation from self and inability to form bonds with others is displayed in the character of Loomis. Joe Turners ability to oppress Loomis carried a judgment of non-worth. Loomis He told me I was worthless. ugly is something you throw away. Something you dont bother with (73) Turners judgment of worthlessness forced Loomis to accept the reality of the white mans power he was marked as one of Joe Turners niggers and forced to forget his song. (71) organism alienated from himself and displaced with his relation to the world, Loomis is unable to establish bonds with people around him. The oppression encountered by Wilsons characters is material or economic, that oppression is spiritual as well in the capacity to deprive the individual of a sense of himself or his unique song.The reawakening of Loomis after his encounter with cultural wisdom is not the self den udation of an average African American but creation of a new source of cultural wisdom, a new African holy man. Wilson uses many metaphors throughout the play. The song is a metaphor for Loomiss identity and the African American cultural identity. Music is a large part of African American identity, so it makes since that in search of ones identity they are searching for their song. The boarding house serves as an inn for traveling folk, but the tenants actually receive a form of healing during their stay.Tenants get perplexity and guidance from Bertha and Bynum. The shiny man that Bynum is in search for signifies African American independence. The man that Bynum met on the road was an independent African American, just as Loomis was freed by his past when he cleansed himself in his own blood. Bynum annunciate Loomis, you hopeful You shining like new money (94) Loomis has dismissed that the blood of Christ can wash away his sins and make him the man he used to be, but by washing h imself in his own blood he has sacrificed the old life to begin his new journey on his terms.Bynums shining man has been found, meaning his work is complete he has passed his powers on to the next generation, Loomis. They tell me Joe Turners come and Gone is a song that is sung by Bynum, when I first read the story I thought that the meaning was came and now he is dead however, the second time I read the play I realized that it meant that Joe Turner has come and snatched the men and now he is now gone. dreadful Wilson uses symbolism in the play as a very important part in conveyance of title the meaning of the story. Wilsons use of symbolism is demonstrated through Mr.Wilsons use of the road, Martha Pentecost, and Herald Loomis. Symbolic importance is give to the word freedom. The word freedom has instilled hope into the lives of African Americans during slavery, hope for the release from bondage after emancipation, the right to be educated, employed, and to move about freely twent ieth century, social, political, and economic justice. Freedom has always stood for the absence of any restraint, because God made all men from his image. There are a number of characters that travel around searching for their place in the world.Mattie, mentions that she keeps on looking, seems like she just keeps starting over, I aint never found no place for me to fit. (76) Reuben tells Zonia, when he finds out that she is leaving the boarding house in search of her mom, when I get grown, I come looking for you. (84) Jeremy does not seem to care oftentimes when he loses his job because, dont make me no difference. Theres a big road out there, I can always get my guitar and find me a place to stay. I aint planning on staying in one place for too long noway. (64) Martha idealistic Tolliver moved the Church up north because of the trouble the church was having.When the Civil War finally brought freedom to previously enslaved African Americans, the task of organizing religious co mmunities was only one element of the larger need to pass water new lives, to reunite families, to find jobs, and to figure out what it would mean to live in the United States as citizens rather than property. August Wilsons play, Joe Turners come and Gone, examines African Americans search for their cultural identity following slavery. Bibliography Murphy, L. G. (2000). Down By the Riverside. New York New Yourk University Press. Wilson, A. (1988). Joe Turner Come and Gone. New York Penguin Group.

Theory Of Constaints Assignment Essay Example for Free

supposition Of Constaints Assignment EssayQuestion 1 highlight the performance charge philosophy and principles of TOCAny manufacturing companys success is dependent on how headspring its alternatives perform, in other words the level of performance of its figurey. The factorys performance is in grapple into constrained by the manufacturing infrastructure and is hence designed so as to suit the companys stpacegy related to the products and their quantities. toil management essenti onlyy takes the companys strategic requirements in basis of its key competitive objectives, for instance shorter lead date, low cost etc. , and translates them into schedule for the factory milieu in terms of inventory, job sequencing and duration table etc., so that these objectives argon met (Childe, 1997, p.28).In an industrial milieu, on that point are always coldnesss that affect the throughput of a system in terms of quantity or look of product delivered or the delivery time (Lan ge Ziegenbien, 2005, p.1).Some of these constraints are bottlenecks i.e. resources whose availability is less than the demand placed on them, plot of ground others are potential bottlenecks or dexterity Constrained Resources CCRs i.e. resources who utilization is close to subject and in case of non- optimal utilization may be tote up bottleneck (Telsang, 2002, p. 518).Theory of simplicitys was contriveed to address such realistic problems in manufacturing. This theory given by Goldman and Cox in their famous book Goal is essentially a productions and operations management strategy dealing with the CCRs i.e. potential bottlenecks in an industry environment (Quassin, 2000, p.3). concord to Goldman and Cox, the terminus of all the manufacturing companies is to make bills (quoted, Childe, 1997, p.29). Hence harmonize to them the success for any manufacturing company would come if they tush p rophyrly identify the aims to their business and then deal with the constraints which would prove to be present or potential bottlenecks in achieving the goal (Childe, 1997, p.115)The Theory of Constraints was developed in over a decades period, by the Israeli Physicist Dr. Eliyahu M Goldratt based on his observations of certain common characteristics that effect system operations (Dettmer, 1998, p.11). This combined with his thoughts comprises the Theory of Constraints TOC, which is a collection of principles, a brand of generic tools and the specific applications of these tools.The principles explain the management actions and the various interactions between make fores. The tools are methods that can be used to apply these principles in specific instances, while the applications are the instances where these tools bring in been success richy applied in these situations many propagation so that they can be considered as generic solutions to the problems. Hence, the TOC is still evolving to this day (Dettmer Schragenheim, 2000, p.13).Among the principles of TO C, the most staple fiber are ternary key as essenceptions most constraint management, five foc use locomote to guide the system and three measures to assess whether the actions being taken at the local level are producing the desired results at the global level.Assumptions TOC is based on three interrelated premisesEvery system has a goal and asset of necessary conditions that moldiness be satisfied if the goal has to be achieved,The overall systems performance is more than just the sum of its comp mavinnt performances, andVery few factors or constraints, often only one, limit a systems performance at any given time(Ronen, 2005, p.21)Five Focusing Steps Goldratt created five steps as a way to make sure that the management focuses on the process for continuous riseIdentify the systems constraint,Decide how to exploit the systems constraint,Subordinate everything else to the decision taken in the step in a higher placeEvaluate alternative ways to elevate the constraintReturn to the world-class step in case the system constraints bring been changed(Srinivasan, Jones Miller, n.d., p.136)Evaluation The evaluation of the operating decisions can be done by the three financial yardsticks which are provided by the constraint theory Throughput (T), Inventory or Investment (I), and Operation Expense (OE) (Dettmer Schragenheim, 2000, p.40). These form the yardsticks because as mentioned earlier, according to Goldman and Cox, the goal of all the manufacturing companies is to make bullion (quoted, Childe, 1997, p.29)Question 2 Describe how TOC can help to prioritize the most profitable high continue initiatives within a production environmentThe use of Theory of Constraints in the production management was initially done to solve the problems of bottlenecks, computer programing and inventory reduction (Wang, 2002, p. 149).Industrys aim to achieve the goal of making capital has been traditionally achieved by reducing the operating costs. The logic is that every dollar that is salvage adds up to the profit. A compelling reason for adopting such a measure is that the costs can be avowled. The next step is to reduce the inventory while increasing the throughput is the last priority with the production managers. Nipponese saw the value that can be achieved by reducing the inventory and hence put this as their first priority. They developed what is cognise as the Just-in-Time philosophy. For doing this the pipeline needs to be kept flowing i.e. a pull phenomenon, which correspondingly increases the importance of increasing the throughput to being the second highest priority (Dettmer Schragenheim, 2000, p.44).However, according to Goldratts Constraint theory, the highest priority should be given to increasing the throughput, while reducing the inventory or investment should have the second priority and reducing the operating expense should be the last priority (Bushong Talbott, 1999, p. 2). The reason for this is in the traditional m ethods, the production managers were assuming that an infinite amount of hours were available in each factorys work and forms, which is non practically possible.Hence, Goldratt began by assuming that the manufacturing company is essentially a system with machines and citizenry available for finite periods of time per day or week or month. He further false that at any instant in time only one factory or resource could prove to be a bottleneck in achieving the goal of making money. Hence, it followed that if this bottleneck was running to its full capacity, increasing the speed of the other centers would not do any good, as the speed of this particular shopping centre would not increase (McMullen, 1998, p.105).This can in any case be explained as follows. Theoretically the any of the constraints could vary from correct to infinity, notwithstanding practically the operating expense and inventory cannot be reduced under zero, neither can the throughput be increased till infinity . However, the practical limits for reducing the operating expense and the inventory are actually much higher than zero.This is because the manufacturers have to spend money on them in order to make money from the end products using these investments as inputs. man the practical limits for increasing the throughput is still much less than infinity, but its potential for adding up to the profits is much higher than the potential to do the same using cost-cutting. Cost-cutting is withal risky in nature, because at that place is always the danger of spending less than what is required which would directly match on the tonus, and hence the inventory too in the long run (Dettmer Schragenheim, 2000, p.44).The management philosophy of Theory of Constraints can hence be viewed into three separate areas which are interrelated logistics, performance management and ordered thinking. Logistics includes the drum- wing zone-rope scheduling, buffer management and VAT analysis. Using these tools, the travails are scheduled in a production environment and prioritized.The next area is the Performance measurement which includes the Throughput, Inventory, the operating expense and the five focusing steps which have been discussed earlier. The thinking process tools help in identifying the root-problem (current reality tree), identifying and expanding win-win solutions (evaporating clouds and the future reality tree), and developing the executeation plans (prerequisite tree and transition tree) (Stein, 1997, p. 199)..DBR Scheduling The basis for the DBR or drum-buffer-rope scheduling is the factorys primary constraint which could be a present or potential bottleneck. This primary constraint acts as the drum for the DB scheduling. This scheduling process produces the schedule of what jobs to be produced and in what order on the drum.A time element k right offn as the buffer is then used to establish the realistic commitment dates for the operation and its deadline. Ano ther time element called the rope determines the schedule for introducing amplificational tasks and materials into the work process flow of the operation. Each task or batch in the drum schedule has a buffer and a rope time element. on that point are other time elements in the buffer also which when taken as a separate form the time buffers (McMullen, 1998, p.106).This DBR scheduling process synchronizes the entire work throughout the factory, and creates a synchronized manufacturing terra firma by basing all the schedules on the drum schedule or the bottleneck. In addition to this, it also provides feedback and control process which is known as buffer management. The function of the buffer management system is to ensure that all the other factory resources which are non-constrained are working on the right jobs, at the right times in the sequence, and in the right production batch quantities such that the schedules are supported from the drum task and customer deliveries are me t.Finally all the non-constrained by definition have some spare capacity. While this is not excess capacity and can be used in the productive or protective(p) sense, the scheduling of these is also important so as not to have excess inventory or investment condition. This is taken anguish by introducing the time buffers, discussed earlier, in the DBR schedule such that no production is lost at the drum. The extension of this process into the dynamic buffering can be used for fine-tuning the surplus capacity (McMullen, 1998, p.107).Hence, this scheduling process reliable delivery schedules for the customers, because the schedules are based on finite capacity self-reliance instead of the erroneous infinite capacity assumption (Bushong Talbott, 1999, p. 3).Question 3 Discuss how you will implement the proposed philosophy in order to rescue a sick hypothetical organizationThe prior instalment dealt with the drum-buffer-rope i.e. DBR scheduling, which is the TOC production intend m ethodology. As the aim of the TOC is to see to it that the constraint does not effect the production schedule, the DBR takes deal out of the weakest link i.e. the drum, schedule i.e. the buffer, and deadline i.e. the rope (Greeff Ghoshal, 2003, p. 70). In addition to the DBR scheduling, a buffer management scheme was also described above, which is needed to monitor the entire process.In the tradition approach, the DBR scheduling was used as the planning process and the buffer management was used to monitor the plans progress. In the present scenario, the DBR and buffer management process are dynamic and offer continuous feed backs to the production manager so that he can improve upon the system.As was mentioned in the first section, throughput is the primary are of focus of the TOC arrangement. The throughput is the money generated by the system after taking out the external costs, and this should be maximized for the profits to increase according to the theory of constraints. How ever, the implementation of TOC is not very easy in a practical situation, and in many cases it necessitates a change in the entire way a company operates. This difficulty can be explained by a simple illustration as follows.A company has identified that for increasing the its throughput, there is a need for producing the product and selling it with the lower sale price per product unit. As of now the company compensated its gross revenue forces on a commission basis, based on the percent of sales and the people in this department try to sell their products with the highest sales price. This means that the company would need to develop an entirely new way of compensating its sales force. There might be further problems if the arrangement is not satisfactory enough to the sales people, which might lead to a drop in the sales quite opposite to the goal of the company.Care should also be taken to remember that TOC is a dynamic management process. This means that the task does not en d after finding out the constraint. On the contrary, the management should interminably analyze to see if this factor can be increased or some other factor might become a constraint. Such analysis should be make regularly and the options should be revised. In addition to this, continuous analysis should be made to check the operating expenses and inventory and investments should also be minimized (Bushong Talbott, 1999, p. 4).ExampleThe above theories will be explained by taking an example below. First the basic system application is given using the TOC to explain the various constraints of the system. After this the neck system is shifted to a plant, which is a sick unit and steps are given to convert this plant into a optimal unit.Basic System and ConstraintsThe example has a manufacturing unit which is essentially a machine that cuts silicon wafers into soulfulness chips (Anderson, 2003, p. 30). The number of wafer cut by this machine in a unit time without getting overloade d is the constraint of the machine and the primary constraint of the entire manufacturing system. For instance, the machine can cut on cytosine wafers per hours. In this case, it would be immaterial to get more raw materials since the constraint would still not be affected in this case.Now that the constraint of the system has been identified, a decision moldiness be made on how to minimize its constraining ability on the system. The utilizing capacity of the constraint must be maximized i.e. the Capacity Constrained Resource, in this case the machine, must be fully utilized and must never be idle. Every unit of production that is lost on this system is a unit lost to the complete system (Anderson, 2003, p. 29).This constraint can be saved from being idle by providing a buffer or queue of raw materials for it to cut. For this example, let us assume that each wafer can be cut into 25 chips. That is to say 4 wafers would be needed by the machine per hours. This follows the generaliza tion that the constraints are protected by buffers. The queue of silicon wafers in this case would be physical buffer of inventory.In addition to this protecting a constraint is a necessary part of exploiting a constraint to the full (Anderson, 2003, p. 29). In case of the manufacturing system, the manufacturing unit can be protected from starvation or idle moments, by providing a buffer of silicon wafers. The unit also needs to be protected from power interruptions and surges, by providing a uninterruptible power supplies, and further giving a backup generator.The manpower related constraint can be sorted out by working the machine in three shifts by people of cardinal hours each, so that the machine is utilized for 24 hours per day. Finally the quality related issues can be sorted out by performing a quality check on the wafers prior to being set on the queue, to ensure that only good quality wafers are passed on to the manufacturing unit.In case of TOC care should be taken to e nsure that subordination of all the activities are obtained to take care of the constraint (Anderson, 2003, p. 31). As can be seen in the example a decision is taken to see that the manufacturing unit is the constraint of the system, a and hence steps have been taken to take care of this constraint and utilize he machine for obtaining the maximum productivity.Ti subordinate all other activities to this decision, the flow of inventory should be adjust from the factory gate to the wafer cutting machine. The rate of sending the wafer to the machine should be same as the rate of the machine to entirely cut the wafer. Here, the rate of the cutter is the drum. The inventory of the factory gate to the cutter is the rope and a buffer in front of the cutter to prevent it from getting idle is the buffer.Plant as a Sick UnitSuppose that there are 10 such systems in a plant which is a sick unit. There are problems with excess inventory, the quality of wafers produced, the throughout is varied and is not stable and there are problems with delays between the operations with long periods where the machines are idle and others where there is extra load on the machines.The primary problem here is to streamline the operations. The basic constraint is al induce mentioned in the prior section i.e. the number of wafers that can be cut by a unit. This cannot be changed and must be utilized to the maximum. All the remaining actions must be subordinate to this activity such that the constraint or the drum is taken care.First of all the machines as a total can process 1000*10 =1000 wafers in a hour, which means 4*10 = 40 wafers must be passed to the machines per hour (as each wafer can be cut into 25 chips). Now that this has been decided, the queuing systems should ensure that the wafers are taken from the resource gate and passed to the machines. The easiest way of doing this would be to pass 4 sets of wafers per hour, after every 45 minutes 4 more wafers would be passed to the mac hines. This means that there would be enough time for checking the quality of the wafers and passing them to the machines, without worrying about the exact synchronization of each wafer to rate at which a machine cuts them.This would also take care of the idle periods of the machines, as in this case the machines would always have one wafer to cuts, by which time the other 4 wafers would be sent to it. The inventory would be controlled too. In addition, the throughput would be at a constant rate. Finally, the technique would also ensure that the burden on the quality chequer and machine operators is minimal.In the former case, the quality checkers could have a quality check wafers ready for a couple of hours advance, which would be passed to the machines every three quarters of an hours, which means these people do not need to be on job 24 hours a day. Also, the machine operators would have more time to check the power supply and other maintenance issues, while checking if the new wafer lot has been passed or not.The above example gives the implementation of Theory of Constraints method to a sick unit, to make it operate in an optimized way. The example taken is a very simplistic application which can be solved easily using the single DB technique.ReferencesBooksAnderson DJ, 2003, Agile Management for Software Engineering Applying the Thoery of Constraints for Business Results, New Jersey learner Hall PTRChilde SJ, 1997, An Introduction to Computer Aided Production Management, 1st Edition, London Chapman HallDettmer HW, 1998, Breaking the Constraints to initiatory Performance, Milwaukee ASQ Quality touchDettmer HW, Schragenheim E, 2000, Manufacturing at Warps Speed Optimizing Supply Chain Financial Performance, Florida CRC PressGreeff G, Ghoshal R, 2004, Practical E-Manufacturing and Supply Chain Management, Oxford ElsevierMcMullen TB, 1998, Introduction to the Theory of Constraints (Toc) Management System, FloridaCRC PressRonen B, 2005, The Theory of Cons traints Practice and Research, capital of The Netherlands IOC PressStein RE, 1999, The Theory of Constraints Applications in Quality and Manufacturing, New York CRC PressTelsang M, 2002, Industrial Engineering and Production Management, New Delhi S Chand Company Ltd.Wang JX, 2002, What Every Engineer Should know about Decision Making down the stairs Uncertainty, New York CRC PressOnline denominationsBushong JG, Talbott JC, 1999, The CPA in Industry An Application of the Theory of Constraints, The CPA Journal, April 1999 Issue, http//www.nysscpa.org/cpajournal/1999/0499/Departments/D530499.HTM, Article Accessed on 18th September 2007.Lange I, Ziegenbien A, 2005, The Constraints Game Learning the Theory of Constraints with a Dice Game, 9th International Workshop on Experimental Interactive Learning in Industrial management New Approaches on Learning, Studying and Teaching, http//www.simlab.tkk.fi/events/lange.pdf, Article Accessed on 18th September 2007.Quassin RY, 2000, The Theo ry of Constraints in Manufacturing, Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences, J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci.vol.22no.4Rio de Janeiro, 2000, http//www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pelvic inflammatory disease=S0100-73862000000400001script=sci_arttext, Article Accessed on 18th September 2007.Srinivasan M, Jones D, Miller A, n.d., Applying the Theory of Constraints Principles and Lean Thinking at the nautical Corps Maintenance Centre, Defense Acquisition Review Journal, http//www.dau.mil/pubs/arq/2004arq/Srinivasan.pdf, Article Accessed on 18th September 2007.

Problem Solving Process Essay Example for Free

line of work Solving Process Essay1. Define the puzzleThis is lots where people struggle. They react to what they think the line of work is. Instead, seek to understand more most why you think theres a hassle. Define the trouble (with stimulation from yourself and others). Ask yourself and others, the followers questions1.What can you see that names you to think theres a problem?2.Where is it natural event?3.How is it happening?4.When is it happening?5.With whom is it happening? (HINT Dont jump to Who is causing the problem? When were stressed, blaming is often whiz of our first re put to deaths. To be an effective manager, you assume to address issues more than people.) 6.Why is it happening?7.Write down a five-sentence description of the problem in terms of The following should be happening, but isnt or The following is happening and should be As much as possible, be specific in your description, including what is happening, where, how, with whom and why. (It may be helpful at this point to use a florilegium of research methods.Defining complex problemsIf the problem still seems overwhelming, break it down by repeating go 1-7 until you assume descriptions of several related problems. Verifying your understanding of the problemsIt helps a great deal to verify your problem analysis for conferring with a peer or someone else. Prioritize the problemsIf you discover that you are looking at several related problems, then prioritize which ones you should address first. Note the difference between central and pressing problems. Often, what we consider to be important problems to consider are really right urgent problems. Important problems deserve more attention. For example, if youre continually answering urgent phone calls, then youve in all probability got a more important problem and thats to design a system that screens and prioritizes your phone calls.Understand your graphic symbol in the problemYour role in the problem can greatly inf luence how you perceive the role of others. For example, if youre very stressed out, itll probably look like others are, too, or, you may resort too quickly to blaming and reprimanding others. Or, you are feel very iniquitous about your role in the problem, you may ignore the accountabilities of others.2. Look at potential causes for the problemIts awesome how much you dont sack out about what you dont know. Therefore, in this phase, its critical to get input from other people who post horse the problem and who are effected by it. Its often useful to collect input from other individuals one at a time (at least at first). Otherwise, people tend to be inhibited about offering their touch sensations of the real causes of problems. Write down what your opinions and what youve heard from others. Regarding what you think might be exploit problems associated with an employee, its often useful to seek advice from a peer or your supervisor in order to verify your impression of the prob lem.Write down a description of the cause of the problem and in terms of what is happening, where, when, how, with whom and why. 3. Identify alternatives for approaches to patch up the problem At this point, its useful to keep others compound (unless youre facing a personal and/or employee performance problem). Brainstorm for solutions to the problem. Very simply put, brainstorming is collecting as many ideas as possible, then blanket them to find the best idea. Its critical when collecting the ideas to non pass any judgment on the ideas just write them down as you hear them. (A wonderful set of skills used to identify the underlying cause of issues is Systems Thinking.)4. Select an approach to re act upon the problemWhen selecting the best approach, consider Which approach is the most likely to solve the problem for the long term? Which approach is the most existent to accomplish for now? Do you have the resources? Are they affordable? Do you have enough time to implement the approach? What is the extent of risk of exposure associated with each alternative? (The nature of this step, in particular, in the problem solving process is why problem solving and decision making are highly integrated.) 5. Plan the implementation of the best alternative (this is your action plan)1.Carefully consider What will the situation look like when the problem is solved? 2.What steps should be taken to implement the best alternative to solving the problem? What systems or processes should be changed in your organization, for example, a untested policy or procedure? Dont resort to solutions where someone is just going to try harder. 3.How will you know if the steps are being followed or not? (these are your indicators of the success of your plan) 4.What resources will you need in terms of people, money and facilities?5.How much time will you need to implement the solution? Write a schedule that includes the start and stop times, and when you expect to see certain indicato rs of success. 6.Who will primarily be creditworthy for ensuring implementation of the plan? 7.Write down the answers to the above questions and consider this as your action plan. 8.Communicate the plan to those who will involved in implementing it and, at least, to your immediate supervisor. (An important aspect of this step in the problem-solving process is continually remark and feedback.) 6. Monitor implementation of the planMonitor the indicators of success1.Are you seeing what you would expect from the indicators? 2.Will the plan be do according to schedule? 3.If the plan is not being followed as expected, then consider Was the plan realistic? Are there sufficient resources to accomplish the plan on schedule? Should more priority be placed on various aspects of the plan? Should the plan be changed? 7. Verify if the problem has been resolved or notOne of the best ways to verify if a problem has been solved or not is to resume normal operations in the organization. Still, you should consider 1.What changes should be made to avoid this type of problem in the future? Consider changes to policies and procedures, training, etc. 2.Lastly, consider What did you learn from this problem solving? Consider crude knowledge, understanding and/or skills. 3.Consider writing a brief memo that highlights the success of the problem solving effort, and what you well-read as a result. Share it with your supervisor, peers and subordinates.

Single parenting households Essay Example for Free

Single parenting households EssaySingle-parent families in todays society have their share of daily struggles and long-term disadvantages. The issues of expensive day care, shortage of quality snip with children, sense of equilibrium of work and home duties, and economic struggle are among the seemingly endless problems these families must solve. As a subject for my photographic essay, I illustrate the concept of the single-family and their corresponding struggles with daily life.As umteen single-parent households are female-headed, their economic burden is much greater than that of a single-father family. This issue results from the fact that single women typically do not earn the same income as a single man thus, there is a consequent economic struggle not experienced in the single-father household. An offshoot of this economic struggle is the balance of work and family duties. Single mothers often must work overtime shifts to compensate for the low salaries, thus fetching time away from their children and other domestic chores.This results in a child that is home al iodin, without adult supervision, or placed in a daycare service for up to 8-10 hours per day. Government subsidized daycare is not yet a realized dream, and many single mothers pay large fees for this service. Also included in this essay is an illustration of the perspectives on child adjustment following a divorce. The photographs incorporate the parental loss, parental adjustment, parental conflict and economic hardships outlined in Newman and Grauerholz (2002).I expect my finished essay to submit a well-founded respect for single-parent households and enhance a general understanding of the circumstances inherent therein. deuce parents are always better than one according to the parental loss perspective. In a two-earner family, one parent may be able to stay at home with the children. But in a single-parent family, the parent rarely has the option of staying home to care for childr en full-time. Finding affordable, available childcare is likely to be a challenge.According to the parental conflict perspective, children suffer from witnessing spousal abuse. The parental adjustment perspective suggests that children in single parent families suffer because their parents have difficulty adjusting and functioning. According to the economic hardship perspective, children suffer from disdain incomes more common among* single-parent families. Children in single-mother households are especially vulnerable because women tend to earn lower pay.

Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Essay Example for Free

Comparison and Analysis Across Theories EssayThe purpose of the nurse theories is to provide an interrelating framework think on the treat practice. The defined nursing theories promote better patient c be, emend the status of nursing profession, and improve the communication between the nurses, and provide guidance to the researches and education (Keefe, 2011). Not all nursing theories assume the same meanings however, they play the important role of explaining the key judgments and principles of nursing practice in understanding way. Dorothy Orems Self-Cargon Deficit Theory and Sister Callista Roys adjustment example argon considered as grand nursing theories. The grand nursing theories are a conceptual model, which identifies the focal point of nursing inquiry and operate the development of mid-range theories that will become useful to nurses and also to other health professionals. fit in to Walker and Avant (2011), these theories contributed in conceptually sortin g the nursing from the practice of medicine by demonstrating the presence of distinct nursing perspectives. In this essay, Orems Health Care Deficit Theory and Sister Callista Roys Adaptation Model are compared and analyzed for their importance in nursing. Orems Self-Care Deficit TheoryOrems Self-Care Deficit Theory is matchless of three grand theories written by Dorothea E. Orem. According to Orem, nursing becomes necessary when an individual tail end no longer do by for him or herself. Nursing provides care through acting, guiding, relievering, teaching, and surroundal manipulation promoting personal development. Orem unquestionable this theory from her experience and personal connection with the Vincentian-Louisiana nursing tradition of the Daughters of Charity (Libster, 2008.)Roys Adaptation ModelRoys Adaptation Model provides the framework for nurses by viewing the adaptability of patients to internal and external stimuli in their environments (Alligood Tomey, 2006.) Repo nses to these stimuli can be either adaptive, which promote the goals of human survival, growth, reproduction and mastery, or non-adaptive (Roys Adaptation, 2011.)MetaparadigmThe metaparadigm for nursing is the concepts that define the nursing practice. Since 1970s, person, nursing, health, and environment are considered as the core concepts of nursing theories by many nursing theorists.PersonAccording to Orem, a person is made of a physical, psychological, and social character with variable degrees of self-care ability (Dorothea Orems Self, 2011.) Roy views a person as an adaptive system that responds to internal and external stimuli in their environments (Alligood Tomey, 2006.)NursingOrem and Roy have the different attitude toward the concept of nursing. Orem sees nursing as an intervention to meet the daily needs for self-care and medical-care patients need (Dorothea Orems Self, 2011.) Roy believes nursing as a key player to help patients to develop coping mechanism and positive outcome from the constant stimuli exposure. Roys goal is for the patient to achieve adaptation leading to optimum health, well-being, quality of life, death with dignity, and finding in life by participating in their own care (Roy Andrews, 1999.)HealthOrem defines health as physical, psychogenic and social well being (Dorothea Orems Self, 2011.) Roy views health as a method used by patients to vex their utmost possible health regardless of the presence or absence of disease.EnvironmentOrem and Roy both res publica the individual exists in an environment. Orem sees the environment in two dimensions, the physical, chemical, biologic features and socioeconomic features, which influence the self-care requirements of the individual (Dorothea Orems Self, 2011.) According to Roy, the environment consists of stimuli including conditions, circumstances, and influences surrounding an individual, whether focal, contextual, or residual.In PracticeOrems Self-Care Deficit Theory and Roys Ada ptation Model can be applied to groups or individuals, and used at any nursing settings. However, Orems Self-Care Deficit Theory is more recommended for the acute-care setting, where a patient receives active but short-term treatment for a severe injury or episode of illness. Orem focuses on finding the self-care deficit of the patient and providing the necessary care to promote his or her well-being. Whereas, Roy is concerned with the different stimuli that forces adaptation in order to achieve optimal health. Roys Adaptation Model views the person as an adaptive system which includes the four adaptive modes. These adaptive modes are physiological-physical mode, self-concept-group identity mode, role function mode, and interdependence mode. Although first two modes can be identified immediately, the estimation of role function mode and interdependence mode is time consuming. Therefore, Roys Adaptation Model is not suitable for acute-care setting.ConclusionHaving defined nursing th eories promotes better patient care, improve the status of nursing profession, and improve the communication between the nurses. In addition to guiding the nurses to provide the best care to the patients, nursing theories are used to promote and guide baccalaureate programs, administration and nursing research. Many organizations now exist to support the advancement of nursing profession. Sigma Theta Tau International, the Honor Society of Nursing, is created to support the learning, knowledge and professional development of nurses committed to qualification a difference in health worldwide (STTI organizational, 2011.) International Orem Society promote the advancement of nursing science and provide scholarship in the area of Orems Theory of Self-Care Deficit Nursing to lead to just advancement of knowledge for the discipline of nursing (International Orem, 2011.) The Roy Adaptation Association (RAA) is a society of nursing scholars who deficiency to advance nursing practice by developing basic and clinical nursing knowledge found on the Roy Adaptation Model (Roy Adaptation, 2011.) These organizations along with progression of the nursing theories will promote the advancement of nursing science and enhance the nursing profession.ReferencesAlligood, M., Tomey, A. (2006). Nursing Theory Utilization Application (3rd ed.). St. Louis, MO Mosby. Dorothea Orems Self-Care Theory. (2011, October 14). Retrieved November 6, 2011, from Nursing Theories clear sitehttp//currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/self_care_deficit_theory.html International Orem Society for Nursing Science and Scholarship. (2011). Retrieved November 6, 2011, from http//www.orem-society.com/ Keefe, S. (2011). About Nursing Theory. Retrieved October 22, 2011, from eHow.com Web site http//www.ehow.com/about_5471364_nursing-theory.html Libster, M. (2008). Perspectives on the History of Self-Care. Self-Care and Dependent-care Nursing the Official Journal of the International Orem Society, 16(2), 8. Roy Adaptation Association. (2011, October 27). Retrieved November 6, 2011, from http//www.bc.edu/content/bc/schools/son/ power/featured/theorist/Roy_Adaptation_Association.html Roy, C., Andrews, H. (1999). The Roy Adaptation Model (2nd ed.). Stanford, CT Appleton and Lange. Roys Adaptation Model. (2011, April 22). Retrieved November 5, 2011, from Nursing Theories Web site http//currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/Roy_adaptation_model.html STTI Organizational Fact Sheet Mission and Vision. (2011). Retrieved November 5, 2011, from http//www.nursingsociety.org/aboutus/mission/Pages/factsheet.aspx Walker, L. O., Avant, K. C. (2011). Strategies For Theory Construction in Nursing (5th ed.). Upper load River, NJ Pearson Health Science.